Report of Health Care
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. Oxide is widely used in various applications, especially in pharmaceutical applications, as well as technical and cosmetic products. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnO NPs) on the motor coordination of male rats in the presence and absence of vitamin C as an antioxidant. In this experimental study, 80 male Wistar rats with a weight range of 200-250 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into ten 8-memebr groups control group (saline receivers) and rats which received zinc nano-oxide with doses 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, rats receiving vitamin C with doses 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg and rats which received both zinc nano-oxide with doses 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg and vitamin C with a dose of 30 mg/kg.while different groups received the above doses intraperitoneally (i.p) the rate of motor coordination was measured in the first day of study using rotarod machine. Motor coordination was considered as the duration a rat could stay on the rotarod. According to the results, dose dependent ZnO NPs with doses 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg and the simultaneous prescription of different doses of ZnO NPs and a neutral amount of vitamin C decrease this rotarod duration. ZnO NPs disturb motor coordination. Probably, this is not due to the oxidative feature of zinc because vitamin C could not improve this effect. It seems that this effect is applied by another mechanism such as changing the activities of neurochemical system contributing to motor coordination.

Drug abuse can affect the mental, physical and social health of individuals. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise activity on mental health, depression and life expectancy of improved addicts.

86 patients from Jahrom City, who had stopped at least one year taking any drugs were voluntarily selected and divided into active (n=34) (Mean ± SD; aged: 36.44 ± 9.91 yrs., height: 177.55 ± 6.96 cm., weight: 79.63 ± 7.60 kg) and inactive (n=52) (Mean ± SD; aged: 39.22 ± 9.24 yrs., height: 173.54 ± 8.05 cm., weight: 76.98 ± 10.77kg) groups. General health questionnaire (GHQ) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were used for data collection. Data analysis was done by U Mann Whitney test were using SPSS 18 software (p≤0.05).

The results showed that the mean mental health of the active group was significantly lower than the inactive group (p = 0.008). Additionally, the active group was significantly less depressed than its inactive counterparts (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the active group had a higher life expectancy than the inactive group, although this difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.36).

According to the results of the study, active improved addicts had a better status in mental health, depression and life expectancy than inactive people.

Excessive consumption of ethanol can lead to development of apoptosis in cardiac tissue. Then, this study aimed to investigate anti-apoptotic effects of swimming training and curcumin during the withdrawal period of excessive ethanol consumption in rats.

In an experimental study, 40 rats were selected and exposed to ethanol (25% w/v) every eight hours for four days by gavage. After 7 days of quitting ethanol consumption, they were placed in 5 groups of 8 each, including 1- control, 2-curcumin, 3-swimming training, 4-curcumin and swimming training, and 5- DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). Groups 3 and 4 performed five swimming training sessions per week for two weeks and groups 2 and 4 were received curcumin (50 mg/kg body weight) five times a week for two weeks by intraperitoneal injection. The two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis of data (P≤0.05).

Swimming training causes significant increase in Bcl-2 and significant decrease in Bax in the cardiac tissue of the rats received ethanol (P ≤ 0.05). Curcumin also significantly increased Bcl- 2 and decreased Bax (P ≤ 0.05). Curcumin and swimming training have interactive effects on the reduction of Bax in the cardiac tissue of rats (P ≤ 0.05). However, the concurrence of these two factors did not have a significant interactive effect on Bcl-2 elevation and Bax/Bcl- 2 gene expression regulation (P ≥ 0.05).

Based on the results, swimming training and curcumin consumption alone had a significant effect on reducing the ethanol-induced apoptosis in cardiac tissues of the rats during the withdrawal period of excessive ethanol use. Furthermore, results showed that swimming training with curcumin consumption had a significant interactive effect on reducing Bax gene expression. However the interactive effect of the combination of training and curcumin on Bcl- 2 and Bax/Bcl- 2 ratio was not significant, but it is more effective than the effect of each intervention alone. Consequently, it seems that the combination of swimming training and curcumin may be used during the withdrawal period of excessive ethanol consumption to modulate apoptotic process.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease that is characterized by recurrent, spontaneous brain seizures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) on hippocampal cell damage in penthylentetrazole (PTZ) induced kindling model.

In this experimental study, 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n= 10): control, PTZ (40 mg/kg, ip), PTZ+EA12,PTZ+EA25 and PTZ+EA51 (which received 12.5, 25 & 50 mg/kg, respectively) groups. After investigation of seizure delay in five consecutive days, the brains of rat’s skulls were removed and histopathological evaluation were performed. Comparison between different groups was assessed by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (p< 0.05).

Intraperitoneally injection of PTZ induced kindling seizure in animal model (p< 0.001). The data showed the seizure delay following the administration of EA increased (p< 0.001). In addition, after administration of EA the density of hippocampal cells increased in experimental groups (p< 0.001).

The results of this study showed that EA decreases the severity of seizure in kindling seizures. Also, EA increased the neuronal density following the administration of PTZ. Therefore, EA possesses neuroprotective effects that enhance the hippocampal damages in animals and also perhaps in patients suffering from seizure.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological, progressive and debilitating disease in young adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week aerobic training with restricted blood flow on static balance, thigh strength, and thigh hypertrophy in females with MS. 19 females with MS disease (age= 56.11±7.43 years and BMI= 22.78±1.78 kg.m-2) were selected and divided randomly into four groups: aerobic training (A), blood flow restriction (BFR), combination aerobic training and blood flow restriction (COM), and control group (C). Before and after 8 weeks of aerobic training (45 min aerobic training with 50- 60% HRmax) and restricted blood flow; the balance, thigh strength and hypertrophy were measured. Paired sample t-test, two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze statistical data (p≤0.05). The results showed significant difference between groups in balance (p= 0.02), thigh strength (p= 0.001), and hypertrophy (p= 0.04). Post hoc test showed a significant difference between the COM and C groups (p = 0.003) and COM and BFR groups (p = 0.03); but the COM group didn’t have better balance scores than the A (p=0.37) and BFR (p=0.15) groups. Also in thigh strength there was a significant difference between the COM and A group (p = 0.008) and between the COM and C group (p = 0.001); but the COM group didn’t have better thigh strength than BFR (p=0.08) group. Also there was a significant difference between COM and C group in hypertrophy (p = 0.02). According to the results aerobic training with blood flow restriction leads to increased balance, strength and thigh hypertrophy in MS patients so this approach can be taken instead of traditional aerobic training to decrease disability in MS patients.

Autism is one of the developmental disorders of the central nervous system followed by several sensory motor problems. The present study aims to investigate the effect of sensory integration therapy on the physical and motor activities of children with autism.

This descriptive study was carried out with 20 students selected in the first, second and third grades aiming to diagnose autism disorder in the academic year 2017 in Shiraz. Data collection was performed using the “physical activity of Iranian students” questionnaire in the form of teacher and parent observation record registration at three levels (daily activity, organization and motor ability). The level of motor skills was determined using the gross motor development test (basic, equilibrium, and kinetic skills) prepared by Khalaji and Khajavi (motor development professors). The presented study employed sensory integration approaches by modulating individual and group treatments in these children (sensory diet and creating the sensory atmosphere) in 12 sessions for 60 minutes. The results of the pre- test and post-test data were analyzed through performance analysis based on non-parametric data via Wilcoxon test (p≤0.05).

Our finding showed that there is a significant difference between the viewpoints of parents and teachers regarding the level of activities before and after intervention (p<0.05). So, sensory coherence increases the level of daily activities of children with autism disorder. Moreover, there is a significant difference between the viewpoints of parents and teachers regarding motor skills before and after intervention (p<0.05).

the results of the current study showed that the use of sensory integration therapy improves daily, organized and motor activity, as well as the basic and balance skills of children with autism and may require longer courses of treatment to improve kinetic skills.

Regarding the prevalence of supplements and energizer drugs abuse and the civil and criminal responsibility of sports trainers in this regard, this study aimed to investigate the legal responsibility of sport trainers in providing health-oriented trainings and nutritional supplements.

In this causal-comparative or post-hoc study, 101 volunteer trainers of sport clubs in Shiraz were selected as a cluster sampling. After explaining the purpose of the research, a researcher-made questionnaire (including 14 questions for assessing the sports trainers’ awareness of their civil and criminal responsibility on nutritional supplements, whose validity had been approved by the professors of law and sports sciences) was completed and collected. To analyze the data, chi square test was run using SPSS 20 and Excel 2007 (p≤0.05).

The sports trainers are aware of the civil liability of the drugs prescribed in their sport fields (p=0.001), and awareness of the legal issues during the coaching course is gained, the same as awareness of civil liability (p=0.001). However, according to the trainers themselves, provision of legal training on civil liability for educators is necessary (p = 0.001).

In general, it can be concluded that in spite of sports trainers’ good knowledge and education about the civil liability of the abuse of nutritional supplements, the need for more educating legal issues is essential for trainers and athletes.

The researchers believe that muscle growth and hypertrophy are influenced by different factors of myogenin and myostatin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of running in shallow water, deep water and land on serum levels of myostatin and myogonin in young men.

In this quasi-experimental study, nine young men were selected and ran for 24 minutes in shallow water, deep water and land in three different days with one-week interval. Blood samples were taken in three steps, before, immediately after and 8 hours after each training session. To analyze the findings of the research, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, two-way analysis of variance along with Bonferroni's post hoc test were used. (p≤0.05).

Immediately after running and eight hours after running, serum levels of myogenin increased and serum levels of myostatin decreased (p≤0.05). Nevertheless, myogenin and myostatin changes in different running conditions and at different periods were not significant (p≥0.05).

It seems that one session of running in shallow water, deep water and land can increase serum levels of myogenin and decrease serum levels of myostatin in young men. Also, running in shallow water, deep water and land has the same effects on the increase of myogenin and the reduction of myostatin.